日本語の学習
Ch. 2
Here is a list of all the key concepts you need to master in order to ace those exams!
Go through and see where you need to practice some more.
1) Grammar
a) Noun + は (wa) + adjective + です。(pg. 46)
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Adding 『〜です』at the end only indicates that you're speaking to another person in a formal setting. You wouldn't use it when you're speaking casually to a close friend.
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Think of『〜は』as equivalent to "am" or "is."
You may wonder: When would you use this sentence structure?!
Examples:
あ）"Animals are cute" --> 『どうぶつ は かわいい です。』
い）" Paper is white" --> 『かみ は しろい です。』
う）"Money is valuable" --> 『 おかね は たいせつ です。』
え）"(My) friends are nice" --> 『 ともだち は やさしい です。』
noun "is"/"am" particle adjective formal ending
noun "is"/"am" particle adjective formal ending
noun "is"/"am" particle adjective formal ending
noun "is"/"am" particle adjective formal ending
b) 〜か (pg. 50)
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Whenever you're asking a question, you'll add 『か』 at the end. This in itself is equivalent to a question mark but when people write emails, for example, sometimes they'll add an actual question mark at the end as a matter of preference--you won't be wrong if you do.
The following sentences are the exact same:
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"Are you a student?" --> 『がくせいですか。』
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"Are you a student?" --> 『がくせいですか？』
c) noun + の + Noun。(pg.53)
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『の』is simply used to indicate that Noun B belongs to Noun A which comes directly before it.
Examples:
あ）" My name is. . ." --> 『わたし の なまえ は ・・・』
い）" (My) teacher's cat." --> 『せんせい の ねこ。』
う）"(My) dad's store" --> 『 ちち の みせ。』
え）Jamesville, New York --> 『ニューヨーク州 の ジェイムズビル。』
noun A "possessive" particle noun B "is"/"am" particle
noun A "possessive" particle noun B
ie) "Name" belongs to "me".
ie) "cat" belongs to "teacher".
noun A "possessive" particle noun B
ie) "store" belongs to "dad".
noun A "possessive" particle noun B
ie) "Jamesville" belongs to "New York".
2) Saying "yes" (pg. 50)
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はい。= Yes.
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はい、そうです。=Yes, that's correct.
These aren't part of your grammar list but you'll hear people saying them a lot in casual settings:
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うん = Yup.
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うん、そう= Yup, that's right.
3) Saying "no" (pg.50)
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いいえ。= No
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いいえ、そうじゃありません。= No, that's not correct.
These aren't part of your grammar list but you'll hear people saying them a lot in casual settings:
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いや = Nope.
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いや、ちがう= Nope, that's wrong.
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ううん、ちがう= Uh-uh, that's wrong.
4) Ch. 2 Vocab
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To make sure you've memorized all the vocab, you can print the list and fold it in such a way that you can quiz yourself.